Rotten - रतन

We know officially, the words father, mother, brother and even sister come from पितृ/ “pitRi” (the word ”padre” is more obvious but one must note “p” becomes “ph” or “f” and “Ri” becomes “er” - those knowing Noun inflections or Roopa of pitRi will understand better), मातृ / “mAtRi”, भातृ / “bhAtRi” ( confusing hard-soft and aspirated-unaspirated kh, g, gh, c, ch, j, kh, b, bh, and so in), and ससृ / “sa-SRi” ( t is added). बाबा becomes papa, दादा becomes daddy, and मामा becomes mummy. Patron (acting as a god father snd sponsoring scholarship to deserving) goes back to पात्र (deserving to get or the getting person). रतन - Ratan for gem - is connected with “rotten” but the meaning has become opposite. Sometimes the two warring factions take the same event with opposite meaning. Like a same war is a victory for one and loss for the other. This is seen in definitions for sura and asura between Indians and Persians. Similarly Sanskrit उप or “up” for prefix for down becomes English for “up”.